Not if the latter explicitly exhibits the form of that calculus; then you can extrapolate their future decisions yourself, more easily than you can extrapolate the decisions of the former.

More easily? It's more easy to predict decisions based on a calculus, than decisions based on stimulus-response? That's simply false.

Note that in the fMRI example, it is impossible to examine the calculus. You can only examine the level of bias. There is no way for somebody to say, "Oh, he's unbiased, but he has an elaborate Yudkowskian utility function that will lead him to act in ways favorable to me."