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HughRistik comments on Cascio in The Atlantic, more on cognitive enhancement as existential risk mitigation - Less Wrong
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What relationship does the kind of 'smartness' possessed by the individuals in question have with IQ?
I don't think there are good reasons for thinking they're one and the same.
When I said "smartness," I was thinking of general intelligence, the g-factor. As it happens, g does have a high correlation with IQ (0.8 as I recall, though I can't find the source right now). g is a highly general factor related to better performance in many areas including career and general life tasks, not just in academic settings (see p. 342 for a summary of research), so we should hypothesize that nuclear missile restraint is related to g also.
Someone who knows the details of this is welcome to correct me if I'm wrong, but as I understand it g is a hypothetical construct derived via factor analysis on the components of IQ tests, so it will necessarily have a high correlation with those tests (provided the results of the components are themselves correlated).
Correct. g is the degree to which performances on various subtypes of IQ tests are statistically correlated - the degree that performance on one predicts performance on another.
It's a very crude concept, and one that has not been reliably identified as being detectable without use of IQ tests, although several neurophysiologic properties have been suggested as indicating g.