gwern comments on The Absent-Minded Driver - Less Wrong

27 Post author: Wei_Dai 16 September 2009 12:51AM

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Comment author: gwern 11 August 2010 11:46:47AM *  8 points [-]

then the expected payoff is p^2^+4(1-p)p

For anyone whose eyes glazed over and couldn't see how this was derived:

There are 3 possible outcomes:

  1. you miss both turns
    The probability of missing both turns for a p is p*p (2 turns, the same p each time), and the reward is 1. Expected utility is probability*reward, so 2*p*1. Which is just 2*p or p^2
  2. you make the second turn.
    The probability of making the second turn is the probability of missing the first turn and making the second. Since p is for a binary choice, there's only one other probability, q, of missing the turn; by definition all probabilities add to 1, so p+q=1, or q=1-p. So, we have our q*p (for the missed and taken turn), and our reward of 4. As above, the expected utility is q*p*4, and substituting for q gives us (1-p)*p*4, or rearranging, 4*(1-p)*p.
  3. or, you make the first turn
    The probability of making the first turn is just p-1 as before, and the reward is 0. So the expected utility is (p-1)*0 or just 0.

Our 3 possibilities are exhaustive, so we just add them together:

p^2 + 0 + 4*(1-p)*p

0 drops out, leaving us with the final result given in the article:

p^2 + 4*(1-p)*p

Comment author: TobyBartels 23 August 2010 04:54:46PM *  3 points [-]
  1. The probability of missing both turns for a p is 2*p […] Which is just 2*p or p^2

  2. The probability of making the first turn is just p […] So the expected utility is p*0 or just 0.

In (1), instead of 2*p, you want p*p. In (2), you want 1 – p instead of p. The final results are correct, however.

Comment author: gwern 24 August 2010 04:19:55AM *  1 point [-]
  1. I feel kind of silly now; what was I thinking in writing '2*p or just 2*p'?
  2. Right, right. I had difficulty remembering whether p was the chance of making a turn or missing a turn. Good thing the multiplication by 0 makes the difference moot.
Comment author: TobyBartels 24 August 2010 02:51:53PM 0 points [-]

Ah well, it happens.