"I'm not sure how this relates to the main points of my post. Did you intend for it to be related (in which case please explain how), or is it more of a tangent?"

You said: "It seems to me that this decision problem is structurally no different from the one faced by the future you in the previous thought experiment, and the correct decision is still to choose the late filter (i.e., press the button)."

This isn't a decision problem because the outcome is already known ahead of time (you will press the button).