Utilitarian comments on The Fundamental Question - Less Wrong
You are viewing a comment permalink. View the original post to see all comments and the full post content.
You are viewing a comment permalink. View the original post to see all comments and the full post content.
Comments (277)
(edit: The version of utilitarianism I'm talking about in this comment is total hedonic utilitarianism. Maximize the total amount of pleasure, minimize the total amount of pain, and don't bother keeping track of which entity experiences the pleasure or pain. A utilitronium shockwave scenario based on preference utilitarianism, and without any ethical restrictions, is something that even I would find very disturbing.)
I totally agree!!!
Astronomical waste is bad! (or at least, severely suboptimal)
Wild-animal suffering is bad! (no, there is nothing "sacred" or "beautiful" about it. Well, ok, you could probably find something about it that triggers emotions of sacredness or beauty, but in my opinion the actual suffering massively outweighs any value these emotions could have.)
Panspermia is bad! (or at least, severely suboptimal. Why not skip all the evolution and suffering and just create the end result you wanted? No, "This way is more fun", or "This way would generate a wider variety of possible outcomes" are not acceptable answers, at least not according to utilitarianism.)
Lab-universes have great potential for bad (or good), and must be created with extreme caution, if at all!
Environmental preservationists... er, no, I won't try to make any fully general accusations about them. But if they succeed in preserving the environment in its current state, that would involve massive amounts of suffering, which would be bad!
I also agree with your concerns about CEV.
Though of course we're talking about all this as if there is some objective validity to Utilitarianism, and as Eliezer explained: (warning! the following sentence is almost certainly a misinterpretation!) You can't explain Utilitarianism to a rock, therefore Utilitarianism is not objectively valid.
Or, more accurately, our belief in utilitarianism is a fact about ourselves, not a fact about the universe. Well, indirectly it's a fact about the universe, because these beliefs were generated by a process that involves observing the universe. We observe that pleasure really does feel good, and that pain really does feel bad, and therefore we want to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. But not everyone agrees with us. Eliezer himself doesn't even agree with us anymore, even though some of his previous writing implied that he did before. (I still can't get over the idea that he would consider it a good idea to kill a whole planet just to PREVENT an alien species from removing the human ability to feel pain, and a few other minor aesthetic preferences. Yeah, I'm so totally over any desire to treat Eliezer as an Ultimate Source of Wisdom...)
Anyway, CEV is supposed to somehow take all of these details into account, and somehow generate an outcome that everyone will be satisfied with. I still don't see how this could be possible, but maybe that's just a result of my own ignorance. And then there's the extreme difficulty of actually implementing CEV...
And no, I still don't claim to have a better plan. And I'm not at all comfortable with advocating the creation of a purely Utilitarian AI.
Your plan of trying to spead good memes before the CEV extrapolates everyone's volition really does feel like a good idea, but I still suspect that if it really is such a good idea, then it should somehow be a part of the CEV extrapolation. I suspect that if you can't incorporate this process into CEV somehow, then any other possible strategy must involve cheating somehow.
Oh, I had another conversation recently on the topic of whether it's possible to convince a rational agent to change its core values through rational discusson alone. I may be misinterpreting this, but I think the conversation was inconclusive. The other person believed that... er, wait, I think we actually agreed on the conclusion, but didn't notice at the time. The conclusion was that if an agent's core values are inconsistent, then rational discussion can cause the agent to resolve this inconsistency. But if two agents have different core values, and neither agent has internally inconsistent core values, then neither agent can convince the other, without cheating. There's also the option of trading utilons with the other agent, but that's not the same as changing the other agent's values.
Anyway, I would hope that anyone who disagrees with utilitarianism, only disagrees because of an inconsistency in their value system, and that resolving this inconsistency would leave them with utilitarianism as their value system. But I'm estimating the probability that this is the case at... significantly less than 50%. Not because I have any specific evidence about this, but as a result of applying the Pessimistic Prior. (Is that a standard term?)
Anyway, if this is the case, then the CEV algorithm will end up resulting in the outcome that you wanted. Specifically, an end to all suffering, and some form of utilitronium shockwave.
Oh, and I should point out that the utilitronium shockwave doesn't actually require the murder of everyone now living. Surely even us hardcore utilitarians should be able to afford to leave one planet's worth of computronium for the people now living. Or one solar system's worth. Or one galaxy's worth. It's a big universe, after all.
Oh, and if it turns out that some people's value systems would make them terribly unsatisfied to live without the ability to feel pain, or with any of the other brain modifications that a utilitarian might recommend... then maybe we could even afford to leave their brains unmodified. Just so long as they don't force any other minds to experience pain. Though the ethics of who is allowed to create new minds, and what sorts of new minds they're allowed to create... is kinda complicated and controversial.
Actually, the above paragraph assumed that everyone now living would want to upload their minds into computronium. That assumption was way too optimistic. A significant percentage of the world's population is likely to want to remain in a physical body. This would require us to leave this planet mostly intact. Yes, it would be a terribly inefficient use of matter, from a utilitarian perspective, but it's a big universe. We can afford to leave this planet to the people who want to remain in a physical body. We can even afford to give them a few other planets too, if they really want. It's a big universe, plenty of room for everyone. Just so long as they don't force any other mind to suffer.
Oh, and maybe there should also be rules against creating a mind that's forced to be wireheaded. There will be some complex and controversial issues involved in the design of the optimally efficient form of utilitronium that doesn't involve any ethical violations. One strategy that might work is a cross between the utilitronium scenario and the Solipsist Nation scenario. That is, anyone who wants to retreat entirely into solipsism, let them do their own experiments with what experiences generate the most utility. There's no need to fill the whole universe with boring, uniform bricks of utilitronium that contain minds that consist entirely of an extremely simple pleasure center, endlessly repeating the same optimally pleasurable experience. After all, what if you missed something when you originally designed the utilitronium that you were planning to fill the universe with? What if you were wrong about what sorts of experiences generate the most utility? You would need to allocate at least some resources to researching new forms of utilitronium, why not let actual people do the research? And why not let them do the research on their own minds?
I've been thinking about these concepts for a long time now. And this scenario is really fun for a solipsist utilitarian like me to fantasize about. These concepts have even found their way into my dreams. One of these dreams was even long, interesting, and detailed enough to make into a short story. Too bad I'm no good at writing. Actually, that story I just linked to is an example of this scenario going bad...
Anyway, these are just my thoughts on these topics. I have spent lots of time thinking about them, but I'm still not confident enough about this scenario to advocate it too seriously.
Indeed. It may be rare among the LW community, but a number of people actually have a strong intuition that humans ought to preserve nature as it is, without interference, even if that means preserving suffering. As one example, Ned Hettinger wrote the following in his 1994 article, "Bambi Lovers versus Tree Huggers: A Critique of Rolston"s Environmental Ethics": "Respecting nature means respecting the ways in which nature trades values, and such respect includes painful killings for the purpose of life support."
Indeed. Like many others here, I subscribe to emotivism as well as utilitarianism.
Yes, that's the ideal. But the planning fallacy tells us how much harder it is to make things work in practice than to imagine how they should work. Actually implementing CEV requires work, not magic, and that's precisely why we're having this conversation, as well as why SIAI's research is so important. :)
I hope so. Of course, it's not as though the only two possibilities are "CEV" or "extinction." There are lots of third possibilities for how the power politics of the future will play out (indeed, CEV seems exceedingly quixotic by comparison with many other political "realist" scenarios I can imagine), and having a broader base of memetic support is an important component of succeeding in those political battles. More wild-animal supporters also means more people with economic and intellectual clout.
If you include paperclippers or suffering-maximizers in your definition of "anyone," then I'd put the probability close to 0%. If "anyone" just includes humans, I'd still put it less than, say, 10^-3.
Yeah, although if we take the perspective that individuals are different people over time (a "person" is just an observer-moment, not the entire set of observer-moments of an organism), then any choice at one instant for pain in another instant amounts to "forcing someone" to feel pain....
That is inconsistent. Utilitarianism has to assume there's a fact about the good; otherwise, what are you maximizing? Emotivism insists that there is not a fact about the good. For example, for an emotivist, "You should not have stolen the bread." expresses the exact same factual content as "You stole the bread." (On this view, presumably, indicating "mere disapproval" doesn't count as factual information).
Sure. Then what I meant was that I'm an emotivist with a strong desire to see suffering reduced and pleasure increased in the manner that a utilitarian would advocate, and I feel a deep impulse to do what I can to help make that happen. I don't think utilitarianism is "true" (I don't know what that could possibly mean), but I want to see it carried out.
checking out the wikipedia article... hmm... I think I agree with emotivism too, to some degree. I already have a habit of saying "but that's just my opinion", and being uncertain enough about the validity (validity according to what?) of my preferences, to not dare to enforce them if other people disagree. And emotivism seems like a formalization of the "but that's just my opinion". That could be useful.
good point. and yeah, that's that's one of the main issues that's causing me to doubt whether SIAI has any hope of achieving their mission.
good point. Have you had any contact with Metafire yet? He strongly agrees with you on this. Just recently he started posting to LW.
oh, and "quixotic", that's the word I was looking for, thanks :)
heh, yeah, that "significantly less than 50%" was actually meant as an extremely sarcastic understatement. I need to learn how to express stuff like this more clearly.
good point! This suggests the possibility of requiring people to go through regular mental health checkups after the Singularity. Preferably as unobtrusively as possible. Giving them a chance to release themselves from any restrictions they tried to place on their future selves. Though the question of what qualifies as "mentally healthy" is... complex and controversial.