If rationality is about winning by knowing the truth, and general intelligence is correlated with "positive life outcomes", then a training program should be based on the steps that are typically taken by smart people. So why not just train in probability theory, logic and science, and use regular exams as a measure of your "general rationality"?

Add "chimpanzee tribal politics" and "large-scale human politics" and you might be onto a winner. The PPE curriculum is worth drawing on heavily, for example - PPE plus science and technology, perhaps. But we could easily end up with a ten-year undergraduate degree :-)