With this in mind, model checking is an extremely handy way to make sure that your model of your prior is reasonable.
You shouldn't need real-world data to determine if your model of your own prior was reasonable or not. Something else is going on here. Model checking uses the data to figure out if your prior was reasonable, which is a reasonable but non-Bayesian idea.
Well, if you're just checking your prior, then I suppose you don't need real data at all. Make up some numbers and see what happens. What you're really checking (if you're being a Bayesian about it, i.e. not like Gelman and company) is not whether your data could come from a model with that prior, but rather whether the properties of the prior you chose seems to match up with the prior you're modeling. For example, maybe the prior you chose forces two parameters, a and b, to be independent no matter what the data say. In reality, though, you think it's per...
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