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Perplexed comments on Dreams of AIXI - Less Wrong
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The AIXI algorithm amounts to a formal mathematical definition of intelligence, but in plain english we can just say intelligence is a capacity for modelling and predicting one's environment.
This relates to the computability of physics and the materialist computationalist assumption in the SA itself. If we figure out the exact math underlying the universe (and our current theories are pretty close), and you ran that program on an infinite or near infinite computer, that system would be indistinguishable from the universe itself from the perspective of observers inside the simulation. Thus it would recreate the universe (albeit embedded in a parent universe). If you were to look inside that simulated universe, it would have entire galaxies, planets, humans or aliens pondering their consciousness, writing on websites, etc etc etc
I worry that there may be an instance of the Mind Projection Fallacy involved here. You are assuming there is a one-place predicate E(X) <=> {X has real existence}. But maybe the right way of thinking about it is as a two-place predicate J(A,X)<=> {Agent A judges that X has real existence}.
Example: In this formulation, Descartes's "cogito ergo sum" might best be expressed as leading to the conclusion J(me,me). Perhaps I can also become convinced of J(you,you) and perhaps even J(sim-being,sim_being). But getting from there to E(me) seems to be Mind Projection; getting to J(me, you) seems difficult; and getting to J(me, sim-being) seems very difficult. Especially if I can't also get to J(sim-being, me).