I assume the examples motivate the insight here. I'd draw a slightly different insight from those examples.
The thing is, all the examples are applications of the area of expertise. To be a better athlete, you don't become a physicist, you use physics. The difference between a physics-savvy athlete and an unathletic physicist isn't just physical activity. The athlete is a consumer, not a producer. Going back to school to get a degree in physics might indeed make him worse at sports -- but reading about biomechanics won't. The lesson isn't that adults should learn everything, but that a targeted application of an art/science/skill can be useful even when learning the whole art/science/skill is impractical.
I agree, and it's in the first of my first 3 points:
As well, they probably learned it without the explicit intention to apply it to «domain». For those people, the task now analogous to learning it is decompartmentalizing it.
In retrospect, that should have been its own bullet.
tl;dr: The marginal benefits of learning a skill shouldn't be judged heavily on the performance of people who have had it for a long time. People are unfortunately susceptible to these poor judgments via the representativeness heuristic.
Warn and beware of the following kludgy argument, which I hear often and have to dispel or refine:
"Naively, learning «skill type» should help my performance in «domain». But people with «skill type» aren't significantly better at «domain», so learning it is unlikely to help me."
In the presence or absence of obvious mediating factors, skills otherwise judged as "inapplicable" might instead present low hanging fruit for improvement. But people too often toss them away using biased heuristics to continue being lazy and mentally stagnant. Here are some parallel examples to give the general idea (these are just illustrative, and might be wrong):
Aside from easily identifiable particular flaws [as SarahC points out, the difference between an athelete and a physicist isn't just physical activity], there are a few generic reasons why these arguments are weak:
All this should be taken into account before dismissing the new skill option. In general, try to flesh out the analysis with the following themes:
So yeah, don't let specialists over-represent the skills the specialize in. Many readers here are in the "already have it" category for a lot of the skills I'm talking about, and there are already lots of posts convincing us to decompartmentalize those skills… but it's also helpful to consider the above ideas in balance with the legitimate counterarguments when convincing others to learn and apply new skills.