The Georgist idea seems to have a place here.

For both land and patents, let the owners float the properties in the market and price it themselves. They will be taxed based on the value that they themselves place on the patent/property.

If the usage is truly efficient, they wouldn't mind paying the tax. If it is not, then they themselves will mark down their property/patent value, thus allowing others to buy them out.

Ofcourse, the hidden assumption here is that the government is the real property owner (of all properties in its borders) at all time, which in a de-facto sense is true today, even if it may not be true de-jure. (If the government came to grab your property, would you really have any option against them?)