I strongly recommend anonymity when participating in this thread.
I don't know of anything that could achieve (1), except perhaps a general depressant, which wouldn't be worth it.
For (2), there are a wide variety of stimulants to do this, but most of them have side effects that aren't worth it; and the state where this happens, mania, is not a particularly pleasant one.
For (3), I think that state is because some parts of the brain are shutting off, leaving less interference for the remainder. You may be able to get something like this with marijuana (though individual reactions and strains both vary widely), but you might not like the "creative" things you come up with, and you might not be able to remember them either.
For (4), what you're looking for is a drug that increases confidence. Cocaine does that, and is used primarily for that purpose. It is also addictive and illegal in the US.
for (5), I don't think that's possible, because curiosity is not a chemical state; it's more like the brain's reinforcement learning mechanisms combining with a positive feeling from having learned things. However, you might be able to strengthen that by using something like nicotine intermittently whenever you make a discovery.
I strongly recommend anonymity when participating in this thread.
Why? Concern over future background searches? Expressing a purely hypothetical wish for the existence of a particular drug sounds even less embarrassing to me than, say, expressing a purely hypothetical wish for the end of some of the most ridiculous of anti-drug laws. Which I would well hope weren't reason enough to lock you out of a job.
We operate like this: the "overseer process" tells the brain, using blunt instruments like chemicals, that we need to find something to eat, somewhere to sleep or someone to mate with. Then the brain follows orders. Unfortunately the orders we receive from the "overseer" are often wrong, even though they were right in the ancestral environment. It seems the easiest way to improve humans isn't to augment their brains - it's to send them better orders, e.g. using drugs. Here's a list of fantasy brain-affecting drugs that I would find useful, even though they don't seem to do anything complicated except affecting "overseer" chemistry:
1) A drug against unrequited love, aka "infatuation" or 'limerence".
2) A drug that makes you become restless and want to exercise.
3) A drug that puts you in the state of random creativity that you normally experience just before falling asleep.
4) A drug that puts you in the optimal PUA "state".
5) A drug that boosts your feeling of curiosity. Must be great for doing math or science.
Anything else?