Consider the projected trajectory of human technological progress without AGI assistance. For example: controlled fusion by 2140, human lifespan doubles by 2200, self-sustaining human presence on asteroids and/or Jovian satelites by 2260, etc. How much would that rate of progress be speeded if we had the assistance of AGI intelligence with 10x human speed and memory capacity? 100x? 1000x?

I don't think you can say. Different things will accelerate at different rates. For example, a dog won't build a moon rocket in a million years - but if you make it 10 times smarter, it might do that pretty quickly.