I can't formalize my response, so here's an intuition dump:
It seemed to me that a crucial aspect of the 1/3 solution to the sleeping beauty problem was that for a given credence, any payoffs based on hypothetical decisions involving said credence scaled linearly with the number of instances making the decision. In terms of utility, the "correct" probability for sleeping beauty would be 1/3 if her decisions were rewarded independently, 1/2 if her (presumably deterministic) decisions were rewarded in aggregate.
The 1/2 situation is mirrored here: There are only two potential decisions (ruling out inconsistent responses), each applicable with probability 0.5, each resulting in a single payoff. Since "your" decision is constrained to match the others', "you" are effectively the entire group. Therefore, the fact that "you" are a decider is not informative.
Or from another angle: Updating on the fact that you (the individual) are a decider makes the implicit assumption that your decision process is meaningfully distinct from the others', but this assumption violates the constraints of the problem.
I remain thoroughly confused by updating. It seems to assume some kind of absolute independence of subsequent decisions based on the update in question.
I think "implicit assumption that your decision process is meaningfully distinct from the others', but this assumption violates the constraints of the problem." is a good insight.
The source is here. I'll restate the problem in simpler terms:
You are one of a group of 10 people who care about saving African kids. You will all be put in separate rooms, then I will flip a coin. If the coin comes up heads, a random one of you will be designated as the "decider". If it comes up tails, nine of you will be designated as "deciders". Next, I will tell everyone their status, without telling the status of others. Each decider will be asked to say "yea" or "nay". If the coin came up tails and all nine deciders say "yea", I donate $1000 to VillageReach. If the coin came up heads and the sole decider says "yea", I donate only $100. If all deciders say "nay", I donate $700 regardless of the result of the coin toss. If the deciders disagree, I don't donate anything.
First let's work out what joint strategy you should coordinate on beforehand. If everyone pledges to answer "yea" in case they end up as deciders, you get 0.5*1000 + 0.5*100 = 550 expected donation. Pledging to say "nay" gives 700 for sure, so it's the better strategy.
But consider what happens when you're already in your room, and I tell you that you're a decider, and you don't know how many other deciders there are. This gives you new information you didn't know before - no anthropic funny business, just your regular kind of information - so you should do a Bayesian update: the coin is 90% likely to have come up tails. So saying "yea" gives 0.9*1000 + 0.1*100 = 910 expected donation. This looks more attractive than the 700 for "nay", so you decide to go with "yea" after all.
Only one answer can be correct. Which is it and why?
(No points for saying that UDT or reflective consistency forces the first solution. If that's your answer, you must also find the error in the second one.)