The first is correct. If you expect all 10 participants to act the same you should not distinguish between the cases when you yourself are the sole decider and when one of the others is the sole decider. Your being you should have no special relevance. Since you are a pre-existing human with a defined identity this is highly counterintuitive, but this problem really is no different from this one: An urn with 10 balls in different colors, someone tosses a coin and draws 1 ball if it comes up head and 9 balls if it comes up tails, and in either case calls out the color of one ball. Suppose that color is red, what is the probability the coin came up tails?
If the coin came up heads there is a 1/10 chance of you being drawn, if it came up tails there is a 9/10 chance of you being drawn, and a 1/9 chance of you being you. Since in your intuition you are always you this probably seems nonsensical. But if you distinguish between yourself and the others a priori you can't really treat the payoff like that.
The source is here. I'll restate the problem in simpler terms:
You are one of a group of 10 people who care about saving African kids. You will all be put in separate rooms, then I will flip a coin. If the coin comes up heads, a random one of you will be designated as the "decider". If it comes up tails, nine of you will be designated as "deciders". Next, I will tell everyone their status, without telling the status of others. Each decider will be asked to say "yea" or "nay". If the coin came up tails and all nine deciders say "yea", I donate $1000 to VillageReach. If the coin came up heads and the sole decider says "yea", I donate only $100. If all deciders say "nay", I donate $700 regardless of the result of the coin toss. If the deciders disagree, I don't donate anything.
First let's work out what joint strategy you should coordinate on beforehand. If everyone pledges to answer "yea" in case they end up as deciders, you get 0.5*1000 + 0.5*100 = 550 expected donation. Pledging to say "nay" gives 700 for sure, so it's the better strategy.
But consider what happens when you're already in your room, and I tell you that you're a decider, and you don't know how many other deciders there are. This gives you new information you didn't know before - no anthropic funny business, just your regular kind of information - so you should do a Bayesian update: the coin is 90% likely to have come up tails. So saying "yea" gives 0.9*1000 + 0.1*100 = 910 expected donation. This looks more attractive than the 700 for "nay", so you decide to go with "yea" after all.
Only one answer can be correct. Which is it and why?
(No points for saying that UDT or reflective consistency forces the first solution. If that's your answer, you must also find the error in the second one.)