Could you guess from this tree that Pac-Man likes fruit and dislikes dying, and goes away from fruit only when he needs to avoid dying? Yeah, you could (though I don't know how to systematize that more broadly.)

Something like:

Run simulations of agents that can chose randomly out of the same actions as the agent has. Look for regularities in the world state that occur more or less frequently in the sensible agent compared to random agent. Those things could be said to be what it likes and dislikes respectively.

To determine terminal vs instrumental values look at the decision tree and see which of the states gets chosen when a choice is forced.