This article, about the process and results of incorporating standard checklists into medical procedures, seems like a reasonable example of a success story and makes me wonder how many improvements could be implemented, not so much by making more competent doctors, but by pushing the cultural idea that doctors, like programmers, are technical specialists who operate best as part of a team that includes competent project managers.
A feature in Scientific American magazine casts some light on the troubled state of modern medicine.
Health Care Myth Busters: Is There a High Degree of Scientific Certainty in Modern Medicine?
Short excerpt:
Scientific American often gates its online articles after some time has passed, so I don't know how long it will be available.