A. Observations I'd anticipate if the following were true:
Bismarck is the capital of North Dakota: Maps of the U.S. or of North Dakota will have Bismark marked with the symbol for "state capital." If I went to Bismark I'd find the North Dakota state government buildings there.
The universe does not exist; all existence is imaginary: I'd anticipate my experiences to contradict each other and not support a coherent model; the scientific method would fail to find predictable regularities. Note this is rather a weak expectation, as if I don't exist I'm not a very trustworthy predictor.
The earth is flat: videos taken from the space station would show the oceans pouring off the edge. It would be impossible to sail around the world by always going the same direction.
The comic book Queen & Country is based on the British ITV series The Sandbaggers: the former would have characters with the same names and/or personalities as the latter. The former would have a blurb on it somewhere saying "based on The Sandbaggers."
Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas Hofstadter is a good book: Reading the book would produce positive effect or practical benefit. Reading part of it would be followed by a desire to read more of it.
"A Visit from St. Nicholas" (a.k.a. "Twas the Night Before Christmas") was written by Clement Clarke Moore: A copy of "A Visit from St. Nicholas" would have the phrase "by Clement Clarke Moore" under the title, or no by line. It wouldn't have "by [some other name].
Herbert Hoover was left-handed: Videos of Herbert Hoover signing something, if any exist, would show him doing it with his left hand.
B. This statement would imply that the group consisting of John Lennon, Ringo Starr, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison created and performed music, but did not produce other goods or services such as automobiles or theorem-proving.
The following is a series of exercises designed to test one's understanding of "Making Beliefs Pay Rent (in Anticipated Experiences)", a post in the Mysterious Answers to Mysterious Questions sequence by Eliezer Yudkowsky.
A. Examine the following list of statements. For each statement, ask: What observations would you expect to make if this statement were true that you would not expect to make if this statement were false, or vice-versa? If no such observations exist, indicate that this is so.
B. In the Dan le Sac vs. Scroobius Pip song "Thou Shalt Always Kill", one of the injunctions given to the listener is, "Thou shalt not put musicians and recording artists on ridiculous pedestals no matter how great they are or were." After this statement comes a list of such bands, beginning, "The Beatles: Were just a band. Led Zeppelin: Just a band. The Beach Boys: Just a band." Consider just this first statement, that the Beatles were just a band. What does it imply in terms of anticipated experiences?
The author's remarks on the solutions to these questions appear in this comment.