I'm somewhat skeptical of this claim--I can design a mind that has the functions 0(n) (zero function), S(n) (successor function), and P(x0, x1,...xn) (projection function) but not primitive recursion, I can compute most but not all functions. So I'm skeptical of this "all or little" description of mind space and computer space.

How is that a mind? Maybe we are defining it differently. A mind is something that can create knowledge. And a lot, not just a few special cases. Like people who can think about all kinds of topics such as engineering or art. When you give a few simple functions and don't even have recursion, I don't think it meets my conception of a mind, and I'm not sure what good it is.

If your categorization is correct and human beings are indeed universal knowledge creators, that doesn't preclude the possibility of us having cognitive biases (which it had better not do!).

In what sense can a bias be very important (in the long term), if we are universal? We can change it. We can learn better. So the implementation details aren't such a big deal to the result, you get the same kind of thing regardless.

Temporary mistakes in starting points should be expected. Thinking needs to be mistake tolerant.