RichardKennaway comments on Human errors, human values - Less Wrong
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That's a good observation, but it doesn't completely solve the problem. The problem here is not just the trolley problem. The problem is that people disagree on whether not pushing the fat man is a value, or a bug. The trolley problem is just one example of the difficulty of determining this in general.
There is a large literature on the trolley problem, and on how to solve the trolley problem, and the view taken in the paper, which was arrived at by many experts after studying the problem and conducting polls and other research, is that humans have a moral value called the "principle of double effect":
Is this a value, or a bug? As long as we can't all agree on that, there's no reason to expect we can correctly figure out what are values and what are bugs.
There's really two problems:
Come up with a procedure to determine whether a behavior is a value or an error.
Convince most other people in the world that your procedure is correct.
Personally, I think a reasonable first step is to try to restrict ethics to utilitarian approaches. We'll never reach agreement as long as there are people still trying to use rule-based ethics (such as the "double effect" rule). The difficulty of getting most people to agree that there are no valid non-utilitarian ethical frameworks is just a small fraction of the difficulty of the entire program of agreeing on human values.
How are you judging the validity of an ethical framework? Everything I've read on the subject (which is not a huge amount) assesses ethical systems by constructing intuition-pumping examples (such as the trolley problem, or TORTURE vs. SPECKS, or whatever), and inviting the reader to agree that such-and-such a system gives the right, or the wrong answer to such-and-such an example. But what ethical system produces these judgements, with respect to which other ethical systems are being evaluated?
That's the question I'm asking, not the question I'm answering. :)