MixedNuts comments on Nature: Red, in Truth and Qualia - Less Wrong
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I hypothesize that, for whatever reason, there was a runaway selection in humans but not chimps for better modeling of others' behavior. Maybe our societies were more complicated, or less based on simple violent conflicts, than theirs. But of course, I only raised this as a suspicion.
I'm having a tough time seeing how the gene-level selection works in your account, though. Genes don't inherently care about memes, and larger cranial capacity comes with major disadvantages that require overwhelming genetic selective advantages to compensate.
I thought that was the consensus.
HPMoR, chapter 24
That one is called the Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis - and it is covered in The Runaway Brain - and by Robin Dunbar in his "The Social Brain Hypothesis".
There are some other noteworthy ideas in the space as well - for instance the idea that omega-3 fats represented a nutritional constraint that got lifted by dietary changes. That hypothesis is laid out in The Driving Force.
No doubt all of these ideas have something to them - but the "memes did it" hypothesis is the one that gets my gold star these days.