JoshuaZ comments on Nature: Red, in Truth and Qualia - Less Wrong
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Surely chimps do that too. The primary cognitive attribute that we have but chimps mostly don't is cultural inheritance. The picture there is one of apes with infected brains, whose brain cases swelled up to provide more room for their mutualist breathren. This is quite a different picture.
This seems wrong. Different chimp populations have different behavioral sets that seem learned from each other rather than genetic. See e.g. this summary. Humans have more effective methods of transmitting culture (especially through language), but chimps have quite a bit.
Well, I did say "mostly". Human cultural inheritance and human language are leaps and bounds ahead of chimpanzee abilities in these areas.
In terms of culture, chimpanzees haven't made it as far as their "stone age" yet - and it wasn't until that point was reached that the human brain started inflating.