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Antisuji comments on Pluralistic Moral Reductionism - Less Wrong
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Comments (316)
If it is the case that you should do what you want, yes.
If you want to punch babies, then you should not punch babies. (x)
If you should lose weight, then you should eat less.
Proper values and some facts about the world are sufficient to determine proper behavior.
What are proper values? Well, they're the kind of values that determine proper behavior.
x: Saying this requirems me to know a moral fact. This moral fact is a consequence of an assumption I made about the true nature of reality. But to assume is to stoop lower than to define.
So you're defining "should" to describe actions that best further one's terminal values? Or is there an additional "shouldness" about terminal values too?
Also, regarding
in the grandparent, it sounds like you're equivocating between defining what the word "ought" means and changing the true nature of the concept that "ought" usually refers to. (Unless I was wrong to add the "proper" in the quote, in which case I actually don't know what point you were making.) To wit: "ought" is just a word that we can define as we like, but the concept that "ought" usually refers to is an adaptation and declaring that "ought" actually means something different will not change our actual behavior, except insofar as you succeed in changing others' terminal values.
Incidentally this is a very slippery topic for me to talk about for reasons that I don't fully understand, but I suspect it has to do with my moral intuitions constantly intervening and loudly claiming "no, it should be this way!" and the like. I also strongly suspect that this difficulty is nearly universal among humans.
There is.
You weren't.
I do not think I am equivocating. Rather, I disagree with lukeprog about what people are changing when they disagree about morality.
lukeprog thinks that people disagree about what ought means / the definition of ought.
I believe that (almost) everybody things "ought" means the same thing, and that people disagree about the concept that "ought" usually refers to.
This concept is special because it has a reverse definition. Normally a word is defined by the situations in which you can infer that a statement about that word is true. However, "ought" is defined the other way - by what you can do when you infer that a statement about "ought" is true.
Is it the case that Katy ought to buy a car? Well, I don't know. But I know that if Katy is rational, and she becomes convinced that she ought to buy a car, then she will buy a car.
What is the difference between what "ought" means and what it refers to?
Edit:
In the above, do you say that "You ought to do X." is exactly equivalent to the command"Do X!", and "I ought to do X." means "I will do X on the first opportunity and not by accident." ?
Ought we base the definition of "ought" on a pretty complicated notion of rationality?
(yay, I finally caused a confusion that should be really easy to clear up!)
Alice and Bob agree that "Earth" means "that giant thing under us". Alice and Bob disagree about the Earth, though. They disagree about that giant thing under them. Alice thinks it's round, and Bob thinks it's flat.
Yes, this is the distinction I had in mind.
So do you now think that I do not equivocate?
No, I think there is still equivocation in the claim that your dialog and Luke's contradict one another. Luke is talking about the meaning of the word "Earth" and you are talking about the giant thing under us.
I also do not completely buy the assertion that "ought" is special because it has a reverse definition. This assertion itself sounds to me like a top-down definition of the ordinary type, if an unusually complex one.
Well there are two possible definitions, Luke's and my reverse definition (or top-down definition of the ordinary type).
If you accept both definitions, then you have just proved that the right thing to do is XYZ. One shouldn't be able to prove this just from definitions. Therefore you cannot accept both definitions.
Let's try an analogy in another normative arena.
Suppose we propose to define rationality extensionally. Scientists study rationality for many decades and finally come up with a comprehensive definition of rationality that becomes the consensus. And then they start using that definition to shape their own inference patterns. "The rational thing to do is XYZ," they conclude, using their definitions.
Where's the problem?
I have difficulty to apply the analogy to ought.
To the first one, yes, but they have different connotations.
To the second one, sort of. "I" can get fuzzy here. I have akrasia problems. I should do my work, but I will not do it for a while. If you cut out a sufficiently small portion of my mind then this portion doesn't have the opportunity to do my work until it actually does my work, because the rest of my mind is preventing it.
Furthermore I am thinking about them more internally. "should" isn't part of predicting actions, its part of choosing them.
It doesn't seem complicated to me. Certainly simpler than lukeprog's definitions.
These issues are ones that should be cleared up by the discussion post I'm going to write in a second.
It seems that my further questions rather ought to wait a second, then.
It isn't equivalent to a moral "ought", since one person can command another to do something they both think is immoral.
This would require one of two situations:
a. A person consisting of multiple competing subagents, where the "ought" used by one is not the same as the "ought" used by another.
b. .A person with two different systems of morality, one dictating what is moral and the other how much they will accept deviating from it.
In either case you would need two words because there are two different kinds of should in the mind.
I gave the situation of one person commanding another. You replied with a scenario about one person with different internal systems. I don't know why you did that.
It's generally believed that if you shouldn't tell people to do things they shouldn't do.
So your problem reduces to the problem of someone who does things that they believe they shouldn't.
If you're not willing to make that reduction, I'll have to think about things further.
I think it is obvious that involves someone doing something they think they shouldn't. Which is not uncommon.