You could ask specifically about how important different goals are to people, although this admittedly opens up the possibility of people shifting either their stated goals in response to their stated performance, or vice versa. Having relatively "objective" performance criteria would mitigate the latter, while having the importance questions well before the performance ones could mitigate the latter.

As an alternative it might be possible to combine the two into a single question, something like "How successful have you been in achieving the things that are important to you?" Maybe that's too subjective, but perhaps it could be made more specific... E.g. "Think about an important goal that you have pursued in the recent past. How successful were you in attaining that goal." might be workable if the answer options were also specific enough?