In a group context signaling could explain it: when you correct somebody you draw attention to a mistake and this could lead to (perceived) loss of status. I don't think this is the real cause because people seem equally annoyed when corrected in a private conversation where there is nobody to signal towards.

People could also interpret corrections (particularly ones uncorrelated with what they're talking about, like pronunciation) as signals of dominance, thus making them something to be disliked or resented.