We might imagine a predator who hunts prey who are developing intelligence via the Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis, but lacks precision manipulaton abilities so are unable to do much more than hide and run in increasingly clever ways (perhaps they are snake-like) and thus their predators must evolve to be smart enough to trick or trap them before eventually breaking through into tool use and eventually building some kind of civilization. Such a creature might view all social interaction as competative; imagine trying to have a discussion with somebody who is biologically driven to try and trick, betray or decieve you with every action.