For the question about human values, there are ways to put it so that it's interesting and non-trivial.
Basically for some indeterminate but not too small fraction of all human brains?
Sure, brain damage and similar conditions don't seem interesting in this regard.
Yesterday I sat down with Lukeprog for a few hours and we produced this ten-page interview for the Singularity Institute blog. This interview contains information about the Singularity Institute's technical research program and recent staff changes that hasn't been announced anywhere else! We hope you find it informative.
http://singinst.org/blog/2011/09/15/interview-with-new-singularity-institute-research-fellow-luke-muehlhuaser-september-2011/