Owen has your answer for you here but something I noticed was a part of your math that could tell you the idea was wrong before you checked the final percentage: When you were adding the percentages, you ended up with .895 or 89.5% chance of getting a positive result from the test (you added all the positive odds, with the thinking that they're independent and referring to the same group). But it's fairly clear that more than 10.1% will get negative results, so the addition of those probabilities can't be right (This is more useful to way to check if you know the negative rate but not the quantity amount).
This is probably going to sound utterly ridiculous, but I have a sad confession.
I've read Yudkowsky's post on Bayes' Theorem (http://yudkowsky.net/rational/bayes) five times. I've written down the equation. Tried to formulate an answer.
I still don't understand it. That being said, I've lived my entire life under the false mentality that maths is boring and painful, and it's just recently I've tried to actually understand the concepts I learn in school, and not just temporarily memorize them for the next exam.
Here's the problem, on Yudkowsky's post:
"1% of women at age forty who participate in routine screening have breast cancer. 80% of women with breast cancer will get positive mammographies. 9.6% of women without breast cancer will also get positive mammographies. A woman in this age group had a positive mammography in a routine screening. What is the probability that she actually has breast cancer?"
When Eliezer changes the percentages to real numbers:
"100 out of 10,000 women at age forty who participate in routine screening have breast cancer. 80 of every 100 women with breast cancer will get a positive mammography. 950 out of 9,900 women without breast cancer will also get a positive mammography. If 10,000 women in this age group undergo a routine screening, about what fraction of women with positive mammographies will actually have breast cancer?"
When I see this equation, I can properly make the answer come out to 7.8 percent. I do this, by taking the 80 women, and dividing 80 women by the 80 women plus the 950 women, so 80/80+950 (or 80/1030=.078). So I get 7.8%, which should be the right answer.
But when I try to do the same with percentages, it all gets sort of screwy. I take the 80 percent of women (.8) divided by that same 80 percent (.8) plus 9.5 percent of women without cancer who test postive for it (.095). So I get .8/.8+.095=89%.
I feel like I'm making a really, really stupid error. But I just don't know what it is. >_>