That we don't detect the elements of Anglophone science fiction doesn't seem particularly worrying. Should we be updating our belief in extraterrestial civilizations based on their absence or should we be updating the credence lent to these speculated technologies?
Presumably this should be an update in both directions, but the update should be much more towards an absence of civilizations since these are all technologies which seem to be both doable and desirable for a civilization. Moreover, it isn't just an absence of these technologies. We don't see anything that looks like a sign of stellar engineering. That isn't just the "Anglophone science fiction" but the fact that the universe looks essentially natural. It is possible (indeed likely) that there would be other technologies out there that we haven't thought about yet that would also involve large scale harnessing of energy and other resources. But we don't see anything anomalous.
The universe looks natural; it also looks homogeneous. This militates in favor of alien civilization and is settled. You're proposing that I should doubt either naturalness or homogeneity because a purely speculative technology is not observed.
One serious issue for evaluating existential risk is working out whether most of the Great Filter is behind us or in front of us. This relates to the Drake Equation and similar attempts to estimate the frequency of life in an obvious way.
Over the last few years, it has become increasingly apparent that extrasolar planets are common. However, what fraction of these planets lie in their stars habitable zone has still been an open question, primarily because most of our current methods for planet finding easily find planets that are either very large or are very close to their star (ideally both).
A new study, using the data from the Kepler spacecraft, estimates that about a third of all stars similar to the sun have at least one planet in the habitable zone. There are some issues with this estimate, and Phil Plait discusses them at his blog. The estimate has a large amount of variance. The paper actually estimates 34% +/- 14% and the issues that Phil brings up increases the uncertainty in both directions but it seems safe at this point to consider this not being very far off.
One obvious issue from a Fermi perspective is that some systems will likely have multiple planets in this zone. Also, having planets in the habitable zone is clearly not sufficient for life. By the standard estimates for habitable zones, Venus and Mars are both in the habitable zone of the sun. And there may very well be ways for life to arise outside the habitable zone. Moons like Europa and Titan seem to be excellent candidates, and we can't rule out more exotic forms of life in other habitats although that seems not too likely right now.
However, one thing this makes clear: The part of the Great Filter that is behind us that is due to planets not lying inside the habitable zone is small. So the question is, what does this mean for our estimates of how much of the Filter is behind us and how much is in front of us?