Reproductive rights deactivated at birth and restored pending parent certification, maybe? But even if we don't get nanotech or FAI, I bet we'll master biology via massively fast computers juggling the sequenced genes of all life on Earth. Combine this with much greater understanding of the brain, and a lot of stuff get demystified and de-romanticized*, and consequently optimized. Fewer things will be left up to chance, because we won't have to leave them to chance. This could be restricted solely to the developed world. I don't know.

Human nature is the elephant in the room. Will 10 billion un-adjusted humans accept that they can't ever expect to use resources like an average American circa 2005? Will we be able to update our stone age software en masse without FAI?

I have my doubts about space colonization unless we can create Earth-like environments.

*If anyone wants to attempt a "de-romanticized in 2050" list, I'd really love to see it.