Though keep in mind that it's much more complicated than "Haha, some idiots were drinking chemicals from horse urine but now we know better."

HRT is "undoubtedly" effective for hot flashes, osteoporosis, and atrophic vaginitis. It's probably effective against some cancers. It may be effective against heart disease and dementia when taken in the first decade after menopause, but not after (the women in the study you mention were mostly in their 60s). However, all of the risks mentioned here are very real and so HRT is not indicated except when people have premature menopause or unusually severe menopausal symptoms (these people should talk to their doctors about it)

Also, why title this "Why We Need Better Science"? Sounds to me like we have great science, we just need people to hold their horses (pun not intended) until the results come in instead of chasing after every therapeutic fad.