Note that a fair bit of the six or seven years of medical school is internship or case studies, so the "learning on the job" bit blurs with the university learning.
Also, the main point of medical school in particular, and many university courses in general, is not the learning, but the certificate at the end to prove that you know stuff and have experience.
Peter Thiel is offering another round of "20 under 20" Fellowships. The application deadline is December 31st. We know many of the current Thiel fellows here in the Bay Area, and it's a great opportunity. Here's the official letter from the Thiel Foundation: