waveman comments on The Unfinished Mystery of the Shangri-La Diet - Less Wrong
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There are a lot of things that help. Here is a list with yours at the top. It definitely helped me. Perhaps part of the problem is that people are looking for a single thing that will solve the problem. For many people, myself included, you need to get a lot of things right.
Ensure no micro-nutrient deficiencies. And note that different people have very different needs.
Ecological issues - control over the accessibility of fattening foods. (No chocolate under the desk)
Avoid excessive stress. Including lack of sleep, pain, infections as well as the boss shouting at you a lot.
Optimum amount of exercise. Too much energy depleting hard "cardio" can cause
Build up lean body mass through strength training. The right strength training not some rubbish inflicted on you by a minimally trained instructor.
Optimum nutrition timing. Some people thrive on one meal a day, and find eating more often makes them hungry, others need to graze.
Sufficient bulkiness of food to stimulate the stomach's stretch receptors.
Sufficient of the various macro-nutrients (glucose equivalents, proteins including correct amino acid mix, the various forms of fats (eg Omega 3s and Omega 6s).
Compensate for metabolic defects. Eg some people have trouble turning short chain Omega 3s into long chain Omega 3s. Similarly carotene / vitamin A. You may need to supplement the exact thing you need.
Avoid appetite stimulants (eg caffeols which are in coffee including decaf but not in caffeine tablets).
Avoid highly glycemic food in large quantities due to insulin spikes and rebound hunger (chinese restaurant effect).
You may have to deal with some psychological issues around food. This is very common. Food is a common tool used to make many forms of psychological pain go away for a while. None of the above will help with that.
Many more.
I would add as EY says some people just have it tough. There are some populations with a legacy of severe famine who are tremendously prone to weight gain. Epigenetic effects from childhood illness, hunger, neglect or abuse seem also to be a factor in some people.
Various illnesses also cause weight gain eg Cushing's syndrome.