But the basic assumption of standard game theory, which I presume he means to include in CDT, is that the agents can predict each other's behavior -- it is assumed that each will make the best move they possibly can.

I don't think that predicting behavior is the fundamental distinction here. Game theory is all about dealing with intelligent actors who are trying to anticipate your own choices. That's why the Nash equilibrium is generally a probabilistic strategy -- to make your move unpredictable.