simpleton comments on Sunk Cost Fallacy - Less Wrong

30 Post author: Z_M_Davis 12 April 2009 05:30PM

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Comment author: ata 12 January 2011 07:02:42PM *  1 point [-]

Suppose you have n shares of stock X, and you're trying to decide whether to sell or to hold onto it for a bit longer; and suppose that if you instead had the current cash value of those shares, you would easily decide not to buy those shares. So it would seem that this amount of money is currently worth more to you as available cash than as shares of this stock. Yet if you already have those shares, particularly if you bought them at a higher price, you may be reluctant to sell them immediately — you'd be inclined to hold onto it in hopes of recouping your loss, even if, given those shares' value in cash instead, you could think of a better use for it than investing it back in the same stock.

Questions:

  • This probably happens a lot, right?
  • Is this pattern of thinking ever not a bad idea? Or should stock traders consistently apply this sort of reversal test to stocks they already own?
  • Is there a name or description for this particular fallacy/bias or is it just grouped with the sunk cost fallacy?
Comment author: simpleton 13 January 2011 03:00:31AM 0 points [-]

This does happen a lot among retail investors, and people don't think about the reversal test nearly often enough.

There's a closely related bias which could be called the Sunk Gain Fallacy: I know people who believe that if you buy a stock and it doubles in value, you should immediately sell half of it (regardless of your estimate of its future prospects), because "that way you're gambling with someone else's money". These same people use mottos like "Nobody ever lost money taking a profit!" to justify grossly expected-value-destroying actions like early exercise of options.

However, a bias toward holding what you already own may be a useful form of hysteresis for a couple of reasons:

  • There are expenses, fees, and tax consequences associated with trading. Churning your investments is almost always a bad thing, especially since the market is mostly efficient and whatever you're holding will tend to have the same expected value as anything else you could buy.

  • Human decisionmaking is noisy. If you wake up every morning and remake your investment portfolio de novo, the noise will dominate. If you discount your first-order conclusions and only change your strategy at infrequent intervals, after repeated consideration, or only when you have an exceptionally good reason, your strategy will tend towards monotonic improvement.

Comment author: Unnamed 13 January 2011 06:41:15AM 2 points [-]

There's a closely related bias which could be called the Sunk Gain Fallacy: I know people who believe that if you buy a stock and it doubles in value, you should immediately sell half of it (regardless of your estimate of its future prospects), because "that way you're gambling with someone else's money".

That's called the house money effect (from Thaler & Johnson, 1990).