I wonder what sort of decision theory would try to generate a bunch of decision theories and evaluate relative performance of the decision theories on the problems identified as, well, problematic, and come up with a decision theory that performs the best. You can probably even formalize this with bounded form of Solomonoff induction - iterate over the decision theories, pick the best - except that you need to really formalize what a decision theory is.
In my recent post, I outlined 5 conditions that I'd like a decision theory to pass; TDT, UDT and ADT pass them, while CDT and EDT don't. I called decision theories that passed those conditions "advanced decision theories", but that's probably not an optimal name. Can I ask you to brainstorm some other suggestions for me? (I may be writing a follow-up soon.)
As usual, it's best to brainstorm on your own before reading any of the comments. You can write down your ideas, then check if any have already been suggested, then comment with the new ones.
Thanks!