It should be obvious that, e.g., if you had a universe consisting of an arrangement of particles in space whose only properties are their relative positions, that nothing in that universe has a color.

I assume that by "color", you mean the subjective experience of colour, not the fact that an object reflects or emits certain kinds of light. Because "reflecting and emitting certain kinds of light" can be explain in terms of "arrangement of particles", in our universe.

And so, if you want to maintain that conscious mental states exist in such a universe, and that they include the experience of color, you are going to have to introduce color as an additional property somehow.

I bet you don't actually think like that. If it is obvious to you that an "arrangement of particles" universe cannot have subjective experience of colour in it, that's because in the first place, it is obvious to you that it can't have subjective experience period.