jsalvatier comments on Review: Selfish Reasons to Have More Kids - Less Wrong
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As I understand it, it means that they did a regression between some aggregate measure of family environment (like total family income) and the outcome of interest and it put a small regression coefficient on the aggregate measure and/or that the differences in outcomes between adopted children in the same home were not smaller than the differences between adopted children in different comes. In the later case, I think you can compare adopted children both to adopted and unadopted siblings. Have I explained that clearly?
Here's an arbitrary adoption paper cited in the book: Sacerdote, B. (January 01, 2007). How Large Are the Effects from Changes in Family Environment? A Study of Korean American Adoptees *. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122, 1, 119-157.
Note that the Sacerdote is the only study I've been able to find on adult outcomes of adoptees. There's not much out there.
I see at least two twin-adoption studies which deal with adult outcomes (in Ch 2. of Caplan's book), but I haven't searched very thoroughly:
(I've requested this paper, but don't yet have it Edit: here it is ). Age differences in genetic and environmental influences for health from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Agings this one has adult outcomes, but Jennifer Harris et al., "Age Differences in Genetic and Environmental Influences for Health from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging," Journal of Geroontology 47 (3) (May 1992), pp. 213-220.
I haven't gone though all the citations thoroughly though, so there might be more there. You're right that there doesn't seem to be that many.
This one talks about adult outcomes, but I can't find out what ages they're actually talking about, so it may be that most of them are early in life. Thomas Bouchard et al., "sources of Human Psuchological Differences: The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart," Science 250 (4978) (October 1990), p. 223.