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bryjnar comments on Debate between 80,000 hours and a socialist - Less Wrong
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Well, it kind of does apply to henchmen of an opressive reigime. The classic example is Oskar Schindler: he ran munitions factories for the Nazis in order to help him smuggle Jews out of Germany (and he ran them at under capacity). Schindler is generally regarded as a hero, but that seems to be trading on precisely something like the replaceability argument. If he hadn't done the job, someone else would have, and not only would they not have saved anybody, they would have run the factories better.
Flip the argument around for "being a banker" (or your doubtful career of choice) and it's hard to see what changes.
Sure, I never meant to imply that the issue is clear-cut. Many of the people revealed to be informers argued that they only reported the most innocent things about the people they were tasked to spy on. Tens of thousands of books are written about such moral dilemmas. When people decide that Schindler is a hero, they seem to use a litmus test that is similar but definitely not identical to replaceability. They ask: Did he do more than what can reasonably be expected from him under his circumstances? I don't think focusing on the replaceability part of this very complex question helps clear things up.
Okay, that's pretty fair. I can only really claim that a replaceability argument could be used to argue that Schindler was a hero; there may be other ways of thinking about it, and those may be the ways people actually do think!
That said, I've found that example does sometimes make people reconsider their opinion of replaceability arguments, so it certainly appeals to something in the folk morality.