Name a post in the sequences I should read that I will find instructive. Is it really so difficult a request that you require a good model of me to answer? Just assume an undergrads knowledge in every field.
I don't have "undergrads knowledge in every field", so how could I know which parts of Sequences are outside that range?
I do suspect (but this may be just my ignorance speaking) that there is most to gain in philosophy, specifically philosophy of science. I never studied philosophy seriously, but my model (prejudice) is that it is a huge confused field with a lot of history, nonsense, and mysterious answers. As in: You learn who was Plato, when and where he lived, and what he said... but the question "is that really true?" is kind of forbidden. You don't learn true or false, you just memorize and classify the ideas. This guy said this, the other guy said that; both of them are famous philosophers, both of them deserve respect; end of story. The only critical thing you can say about a philosopher X is that a philosopher Y disagreed with him, and because Y lived later and read X's books, this criticism is also famous and deserves respect. But if later a philosopher Z says "meh" and follows the teachings of X anyway, well, that deserves respect too. So at the end we have many contradictory answers, all of them worthy of respect, but you can't use any of them to build a better mousetrap. (But you could get a PhD in mousetrap philosophy by explaining how the idea of the mousetrap relates to the idea of the mouse, and why catching or not catching a mouse is just a language game, and that according to a different culture the so-called mouse is an ancient spirit.) -- All this is useless for science. And even if the useful parts are there somewhere, it is worth pointing at them and saying "this part is right, the other parts are wrong".
If you want a specific example, for me it would be e.g. "How to Convince Me That 2 + 2 = 3". As far as I know, this is not a part of undergrad math.
As someone who has studied philosophy seriously, I assure you that your model is pretty inaccurate, at least for top-tier American universities. It is not true that you are forbidden from actually evaluating arguments. It is true that instructors in college philosophy courses, especially at the upper level, won't usually tell you which argument is better, or which conclusion is the right one. But that is because the skill that they are attempting to train is the ability to figure these things out for yourself. It is completely false that the student is for...
It's a brilliant idea: a lecture by a cool modern thinker, illustrated by word-by-word doodles on a whiteboard. Excellent at pulling you along the train of thought and absolutely disallowing boredom.
The lectures' content is pretty great too, although there's a definite left-wing, populist bent that's exploting today's post-crisis hot button issues (they got Zizek, for god's sake) - some might not like it. Regardless, it's all very amusing and enlightening. Been linked to before in a comment or to, but it deserves a headline.
You can start here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFs9WO2B8uI&feature=relmfu (But they're all worth watching!)