First, relax and realize you can't fix everything. That doesn't mean you shouldn't try, but you need to set realistic goals or you'll burn yourself out really quickly. The students really need more lesson time, and more practice time. If the student has resources you can refer them to one of the many tutoring centers designed to address this sort of thing. If they don't have resources, most attempts at solutions will involve a lot of your personal time, which will already be highly strained as a new teacher.

Ask the other highschool teachers you work with if they can recommend a good tutoring service to refer students to. Also, ask them how they attempt to solve these sort of problems? At one charter school, the math teachers set up an after school program attempting to mimic the structure of the chain tutoring centers (Sylvan learning center, etc). Not something to think about setting up your first year, but if you keep an eye towards the future...