No plot spoilers here, just wanted to flag a bit of poor reasoning that shows up in Chapter 39:
I shouldn't have believed it even for all of thirty seconds! Because if people had souls there wouldn't be any such thing as brain damage, if your soul could go on speaking after your whole brain was gone, how could damage to the left cerebral hemisphere take away your ability to talk?
This is a surprisingly common fallacy. Just because X depends on Y, it doesn't follow that X depends on nothing but Y. A phenomenon may involve more than just its most obvious failure point.
To illustrate: Suppose I'm trapped in a box, and my only way to communicate with the outside world is via radio communication. Someone on the other end argues that I don't really exist -- "There's no person beyond the radio receiver, for if there was then there wouldn't be any such thing as damaged radios!" Pretty silly, huh? But people say this kind of thing in defense of physicalism all the time.
(N.B. This is not to defend the existence of souls. It's just to point out that this particular argument against them is invalid.)
That's certainly true, but I'm not sure it matters.
One could replace the radio receiver/transmitter analogy with an algorithm-specification/algorithm-implementation analogy, for example, without significantly affecting the argument. Is the hardware the thing doing the thinking? Well, yes, in that when we destroy the hardware we prevent the thinking. But, no, in that even after we destroy the hardware we can recover the thinking by implementing the algorithm on other hardware.
Generally speaking, I think it's better to address the argument being implied by a metaphor than to address weaknesses of the metaphor itself. See also "steel-manning."
That's a completely different concept of 'soul', one that I doubt anyone who says, "I believe in the existence of souls" actually has in mind. People who believe in souls believe they are their soul, not that they are their brain and that their brain implements soul-code.
It's generally a good idea to try to understand what people actually believe, rather than what you think they should believe.