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Cyan comments on [Paper] Simulation of a complete cell - Less Wrong
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The "at least" part seems wrong to me. Cellular differentiation works by deactivating some genes more-or-less permanently and by sequestering deactivated genes in densely packed regions of chromatin that are inaccessible to transcription complexes. (This is a one-sentence summary of an absurdly complex biological process. You have been warned.) Understanding the functional molecular biology of a highly differentiated cell type like a neuron won't require the understanding of 30K interacting genes.
Good point. Is anything known about what proportion of genes might be turned off in a differentiated cell?
Lots, but not by me at this time.