A time dilation tool from an anime is discussed for its practical use on Earth; there seem surprisingly few uses and none that will change the world, due to the severe penalties humans would incur while using it, and basic constraints like Amdahl's law limit the scientific uses. A comparison with the position of an Artificial Intelligence such as an emulated human brain seems fair, except most of the time dilation disadvantages do not apply or can be ameliorated and hence any speedups could be quite effectively exploited. I suggest that skeptics of the idea that speedups give advantages are implicitly working off the crippled time dilation tool and not making allowance for the disanalogies.
Master version on gwern.net
I found Anathem really unbelievable with the deepest Maths like the Millennials - human social structures & network effects do not work that way! Make a 100 Millennials, and if you're lucky, they'll all just be utterly stagnant, having gotten lost in one cul-de-sac. (If you're unlucky, they'll all be dead due to cold or bad social dynamic or something. If you're really unlucky, they'll turn into a warrior cult that slaughters everyone near them.)
I'd gotten about a third of the way through Anathem when the person who lent it to me asked me how I was liking it. I replied that it was fun to read, but I was having serious trouble accepting his world as actually populated by human beings, even for long enough to suspend my disbelief... humans just don't work that way.
He smiled and said "keep reading".
Later, I was amused.