First link: Patients were psychiatric nurses, faking specific illnesses during their whole stay. (Rosenhan had various people faking atypical symptoms until admission.) Doctors believing them aren't to blame.
Among the findings of the project were that patients frequently found it difficult to get information on their treatment
Agrees with my experience. A computer for patients and access to Crazy Meds help, but I don't know an easy fix for less geeky patients.
Second link: That's a pretty good test. However, the doctors were shown patients who had been treated and were doing well. It's harder to diagnose short-sightedness if your patient is wearing contact lenses.
So neither of these tests are nearly as stringent as Rosenhan's.
I haven't seen any links to this on Lesswrong yet, and I just discovered it myself. It's extremely interesting, and has a lot of implications for how the way that people perceive and think of others are largely determined by their environmental context. It's also a fairly good indict of presumably common psychiatric practices, although it's also presumably outdated by now. Maybe some of you are already familiar with it, but I thought I'd mention it and post a link for those of you who aren't.
There's probably newer research on this, but I don't have time to investigate it at the moment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenhan_experiment