Thinking about how an Occamian learner like AIXI would approach the problem, it would probably start from the simplest domain theory "beads have a color, red is a color I've heard mentioned, therefore all beads are red", p=1. If the first bead was grey, it would switch to "all beads are grey", p=0. The second bead is red, "half and half", p = 0.5, and so on, ratcheting up theories from the simplest first.