This argument begs the question by assuming that it is morally wrong to not value the lives of people who are functionally abstractions, which is the assumption that I am questioning.
No it doesn't. It expresses a position. One that is a necessary exception to the "well I suppose you don't need to understand or care about physics if you really don't want to" concession I had made in the preceding statements. It does convey the message that you disagree with---that physics doesn't care about your disbelief, your sister in a long long time and a galaxy far away is an artifact of the same physics that your are made of and thereby it rejects "Why should I even care?" as an anomaly rather than a default.
For the purpose of the discussion your actual morality is barely relevant and a "prefer my sister to be alive assuming she actual was real according to the physics we operate on" morality is assumed merely for the sake of convenience. If you really want you can outright hate your counterfactual sister, in which case not murdering her could be the mistake you make. Or, you could conceivably construct a utility function that values configurations of the universe only when they happen to be spatially located sufficiently near to the future-object you call "you". That allows you to "just not care" about such things.
I infer, by the way, that you don't value anything in the universe after the time of your death. Some people (claim that they) have such a value system. For you it is implied because "outside your future light cone" isn't defined if you don't exist. As an illustration consider your brother flying at near light speed in the opposite direction to your sister. You can choose, if you follow your brother in your relativistic rocket you can keep him within your future light cone but lose your sister. If you follow your sister then you lose your brother. If you are dead then your utility function doesn't specify which sibling you followed and sophistmagically allowed to remain 'real'.
I suppose you could propose a hack to your utility function such that when you die the "stuff that matters and is considered real" part of reality could become fixed to "stuff that is within the light cone of you at the time of your death". But then that would imply that your sister and brother are both 'real' but that they aren't 'real' to each other.
Because of vagueness, I'm unsure whether or not this would be accurate, but I also get the feeling that you might be conflating convenient societal conventions with actual individual moralities.
Not remotely. Merely assuming one of the must uncontroversial of societal conventions (and human instinct) out of (perceived) convenience. Again, your morality, ethics and values can be as arbitrary as you like for the purpose of this conversation.
I understand that morality and physics are different, but I think you might underestimate the connection. My personal epistemology says that in order to avoid an infinite regress we need to place some sort of foundation on our concept of what is true or not. I use my internal values as this foundation, and only consider a concept to be true or meaningful if that concept achieves my values, whether directly or indirectly. I don't think this is as unreasonable as you like to portray it.
Concepts which do not pay rent do not exist for me; I don't bother wastin...
Followup to: The Useful Concept of Truth
We previously asked:
What rule would restrict our beliefs to just statements that can be meaningful, without excluding a priori anything that could in principle be true?
It doesn't work to require that the belief's truth or falsity make a sensory difference. It's true, but not testable, to say that a spaceship going over the cosmological horizon of an expanding universe does not suddenly blink out of existence. It's meaningful and false, rather than meaningless, to say that on March 22nd, 2003, the particles in the center of the Sun spontaneously arranged themselves into a short-lived chocolate cake. This statement's truth or falsity has no consequences we'll ever be able to test experientally. Nonetheless, it legitimately describes a way reality could be, but isn't; the atoms in our universe could've been arranged like that on March 22nd 2003, but they weren't.
You can't say that there has to be some way to arrange the atoms in the universe so as to make the claim true or alternatively false. Then the theory of quantum mechanics is a priori meaningless, because there's no way to arrange atoms to make it true. And if you try to substitute quantum fields instead, well, what if they discover something else tomorrow? And is it meaningless -rather than meaningful and false - to imagine that physicists are lying about quantum mechanics in a grand organized conspiracy?
Since claims are rendered true or false by how-the-universe-is, the question "What claims can be meaningful?" implies the question "What sort of reality can exist for our statements to correspond to?"
If you rephrase it this way, the question probably sounds completely fruitless and pointless, the sort of thing that a philosopher would ponder for years before producing a long, incomprehensible book that would be studied by future generations of unhappy students while being of no conceivable interest to anyone with a real job.
But while deep philosophical dilemmas such as these are never settled by philosophers, they are sometimes settled by people working on a related practical problem which happens to intersect the dilemma. There are a lot of people who think I'm being too harsh on philosophers when I express skepticism about mainstream philosophy; but in this case, at least, history clearly bears out the point. Philosophers have been discussing the nature of reality for literal millennia... and yet the people who first delineated and formalized a critical hint about the nature of reality, the people who first discovered what sort of things seem to be real,were trying to solve a completely different-sounding question.
They were trying to figure out whether you can tell the direction of cause and effect from survey data.
Please now read Causal Diagrams and Causal Models, which was modularized out so that it could act as a standalone introduction. This post involves some simple math, but causality is so basic to key future posts that it's pretty important to get at least some grasp on the math involved. Once you are finished reading, continue with the rest of this post.
Okay, now suppose someone were to claim the following:
"A universe is a connected fabric of causes and effects."
vs.
(In the right-hand image we see a connected causal fabric; the sun raises the temperature, makes plants grow, and sends light into the eyes of the person eating from the plant. On the other hand, while "post-utopian" is linked to "colonial alienation" and vice versa, these two elements don't connect to the rest of the causal fabric - so that must not be a universe.)
This same someone might further claim:
"For a statement to be comparable to your universe, so that it can be true or alternatively false, it must talk about stuff you can find in relation to yourself by tracing out causal links."
To clarify the second claim, the idea here is that reference can trace causal links forwards or backwards. If a spaceship goes over the cosmological horizon, it may not cause anything else to happen to you after that. But you could still say, 'I saw the space shipyard - it affected my eyes - and the shipyard building was the cause of that ship existing and going over the horizon.' You know the second causal link exists, because you've previously observed the general law implementing links of that type - previously observed that objects continue to exist and do not violate Conservation of Energy by spontaneously vanishing.
And now I present three meditations, whose answers (or at least, what I think are the answers) will appear at later points in Highly Advanced Epistemology 101 For Beginners. Please take a shot at whispering the answers to yourself; or if you're bold enough to go on record, comments for collecting posted answers are linked.
Meditation 1:
"You say that a universe is a connected fabric of causes and effects. Well, that's a very Western viewpoint - that it's all about mechanistic, deterministic stuff. I agree that anything else is outside the realm of science, but it can still be real, you know. My cousin is psychic - if you draw a card from his deck of cards, he can tell you the name of your card before he looks at it. There's no mechanism for it - it's not a causal thing that scientists could study - he just does it. Same thing when I commune on a deep level with the entire universe in order to realize that my partner truly loves me. I agree that purely spiritual phenomena are outside the realm of causal processes, which can be scientifically understood, but I don't agree that they can't be real."
How would you reply?
Meditation 2:
"Does your rule there forbid epiphenomenalist theories of consciousness - that consciousness is caused by neurons, but doesn't affect those neurons in turn? The classic argument for epiphenomenal consciousness has always been that we can imagine a universe in which all the atoms are in the same place and people behave exactly the same way, but there's nobody home - no awareness, no consciousness, inside the brain. The usual effect of the brain generating consciousness is missing, but consciousness doesn't cause anything else in turn - it's just a passive awareness - and so from the outside the universe looks the same. Now, I'm not so much interested in whether you think epiphenomenal theories of consciousness are true or false - rather, I want to know if you think they're impossible or meaningless a priori based on your rules."
How would you reply?
Meditation 3:
Does the idea that everything is made of causes and effects meaningfully constrain experience? Can you coherently say how reality might look, if our universe did not have the kind of structure that appears in a causal model?
Mainstream status.
Part of the sequence Highly Advanced Epistemology 101 for Beginners
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