common_law comments on Voting is like donating thousands of dollars to charity - Less Wrong

32 Post author: Academian 05 November 2012 01:02AM

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Comment author: common_law 21 November 2012 02:09:43AM 2 points [-]

Here's a more germane objection: a single vote, in reality (as opposed to in "should universes") never truly comes even close to deciding an election. When the votes are close to a tie, the courts step in, as in Bush v. Gore. There are recounts and challenges. The power of connections and influence by judicial politics completely overwhelms the effect of a single vote.

Don't you think it perverse to derive the value of voting from the very high value of the outcome of an extraordinary event?

Comment author: CarlShulman 21 November 2012 06:36:16AM 7 points [-]

Take an electorate with 1,000,000,000 voters, deciding between A and B. If 550 million vote for A, and 450 million vote for B, then A is 90% likely to win. Conversely, if B leads 550 million to A's 450 million, B is 90% likely to win. With very finely balanced vote totals both candidates have sizable chances at winning depending on the outcomes of recounts, etc (although the actual vote total in a recount certainly matters for the recount and challenge process!).

Say we make a graph, assigning a probability of victory for A for every A vote total between 450 million and 550 million. Over the whole range, there needs to be an 80% swing in win probability, on net. So, if we count every change in win probability as vote totals increase, the average change in win probability per vote for A has to be (80%)/(100 million) over this range.

So if the polls leave you with a roughly uniform distribution over vote totals between 450 and 550 million votes for A, then you should assign a probability of about 1 in 125 million to being decisive, despite recalls and court challenges and so on. This will reflect being the marginal vote that pushes a key vote total one way or the other, making a lead large enough that a judge or official doesn't bother to do a recount, being the decisive vote in a recount, increasing the vote margin from 999 to 1000, a psychologically significant difference, and so forth.