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Eliezer_Yudkowsky comments on XKCD - Frequentist vs. Bayesians - Less Wrong
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No, it's not fair. Given the setup, the null hypothesis would be, I think, 'neither the Sun has exploded nor the dice come up 6', and so when the detector goes off we reject the 'neither x nor y' in favor of 'x or y' - and I think the Bayesian would agree too that 'either the Sun has exploded or the dice came up 6'!
Um, I don't think the null hypothesis is usually phrased as, "There is no effect and our data wasn't unusual" and then you conclude "our data was unusual, rather than there being no effect" when you get data with probability < .05 if the Sun hasn't exploded. This is not a fair steelmanning.
I don't follow. The null hypothesis can be phrased in all sorts of ways based on what you want to test - there there's no effect, that the effect between two groups (eg. a new drug and an old drug) is the same etc.
I don't know that my frequentist example does conclude the 'data was unusual' rather than 'there was an effect'. I am not sure how a frequentist would break apart the disjunction, or indeed, if they even would without additional data and assumptions.