PeterisP comments on How minimal is our intelligence? - Less Wrong
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Because of what you can do with a train of thought.
"That mammoth is very dangerous, but would be tasty if I killed it."
"I could kill it if I had the right weapon"
"What kind of weapon would work?"
As against.... "That mammoth is very dangerous - run!"
Computer science is where this particular insight comes from. If you can lay down memories, execute loops and evaluate conditions, you can simulate anything. If you don't have the ability to read your own output, you can't.
If dolphins or chimps did have arbitrarily long chains of thought, they'd be able to do general reasoning, as we do.
The examples of corvids designing and making specialized tools after observing what they would need to solve specific problems (placement of an otherwise unaccessible treat) seem to demonstrate such chains of thought.