Oakes (1986) tested 70 academic psychologists and reported that 96% held the erroneous opinion that the level of significance specified the probability that either H0 or H1 was true.

• Oakes, M. (1986). Statistical inference: A commentary for the social and behavioral sciences. New York: Wiley.

...Gosset, who developed the t-test in 1908, anticipated this overconcern with significance at the expense of other methodological concerns:

"Obviously the important thing. . . is to have a low real error, not to have a 'significant' result at a particular station. The latter seems to me to be nearly valueless in itself" (quoted in Pearson, 1939, p. 247).

--"Do Studies of Statistical Power Have an Effect on the Power of Studies?", Sedlmeier & Gigerenzer 1989